Introduction: Artificial Intelligence (AI) has been a transformative force, aiming to enhance computers and robots with capabilities surpassing human intelligence. Tasks such as learning, reasoning, decision-making, creativity, knowledge extraction, and data prediction have been the focal points of AI development. Within the vast field of AI, machine learning (ML) has …

Introduction: The marvel of 3D hologram technology has evolved from static, monochromatic images to dynamic, real-time displays that are now making their way onto smartphones. Our eyes, the sophisticated light detectors that capture the essence of the world around us, are now able to perceive and interact with three-dimensional holograms …